Snohomish PUD operates the Jackson Hydroelctric Project on the Sultan River. American Whitewater has a direct interest in river and riparian conservation and resource protection, appropriate public access to the river that protects resource values, and instream flows for the benefit of fishery resources, river and riparian condition, and recreation. Our formal involvement in the Jackson Project dates back to 1980 when members of the Washington Kayak Club, one of our original founding affiliate clubs, filed comments regarding the proposed construction of the Jackson Project. In requesting recreational flows, members of the club wrote: “The Sultan River’s picturesque canyon is one of the few remaining virgin navigable river valleys [in the region].”

After approximately 30 years of advocacy on this project, American Whitewater reached a settlement agreement with Snohomish PUD in October 2009 that formally recognizes and embraces whitewater recreation on the Sultan River. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved the settlement in September 2011. Negotiating an agreement was challenging due to the fact that this is a highly profitable hydropower project where nearly all the flow is diverted, the City of Everett depends on the river for their municipal water needs, and fish listed under the Endangered Species Act utilize the river. Folding whitewater recreation into a future license was extremely challenging but all parties (Snohomish PUD, state and federal resource agencies, and tribes) took our issues seriously and negotiated in good faith.

The license includes an average of 4 whitewater opportunities each year. This is somewhat less than comparable runs of this quality that are in close proximity to a large boating populations but a few factors went into our decision:

1) It is a long run with challenging access that is physically demanding. In surveying those who have done the run we determined that it was the type of run where individuals would be less likely to run the river multiple consecutive days.

2) The Skykomish is a drainage with a diversity of opportunities and while the Upper Sultan provides one of the highest quality opportunities in the area, there are several opportunities for doing other runs for those who might travel to the area for the Sultan (i.e. a trip on a release weekend could include a run on the Sultan and another nearby river).

3) There are several demands for water on this project and we made a decision that the certainty of settlement and opportunity for collaboration with the utility during implementation outweighed the risk of going to federal regulators directly to ask for more. Doing so would have led to a contentious proceeding and a certain delay in getting water in the river, less opportunity for collaboration and communication with boaters and the utility, and no guarantee that more flows would be provided.

4) Working with other parties in a settlement context offered opportunities to combine our interests with others which will lead to some opportunities every few years for high water events. During whitewater studies the overall preference was for flows of approximately 1000 cfs but several individuals expressed interest in lower technical flows around 600 cfs. Others had an interest in high challenge trips at flows of 2000 cfs or more and the new license will include provisions for these events which will occur as part of utility obligations to meet needs for geomorphic process flows.

5) Some provisions for access at the diversion dam will be provided along with an improved trail to the put-in below Culmback Dam. In addition real-time data on reservoir elevation, improved forecasting, and better communication between the utility and boaters will allow individuals to more effectively take advantage of opportunities that will be provided during accretion flows (during big rain events), spills, and project maintenance periods.

We spent considerable effort working with hydrologists from the Forest Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Ecology, and Tulalip Tribe to develop a robust program of process flows that include channel maintenance and flushing flows that are also compatible with whitewater boating opportunities. On too many projects we have worked on in the past there is one very low minimum instream flow designed to meet the habitat needs of one life cycle stage for one species of fish and another flow for whitewater recreation. This agreement embraces an emerging trend that recognizes the need for a diversity of flows that can meet both ecological and recreational needs. By working together we were able to develop a program that meets a diversity of interests for fish, river health, and recreation that was well beyond what any of us could have achieved by focusing on these different interests independently.

Andy Bridge served as our key local volunteer on this project and the folks at Werner Paddles provided opportunities for Andy to participate in this process. More than two dozen volunteers supported our efforts by partcipating in flow studies, attending meetings, writing letters, and providing us with feedback during this process.

Whitewater Boating Flows (from the settlement agreement which can be downloaded from FERC)

The Licensee shall provide flows for twelve (12) viable whitewater boating events every three (3) years for the duration of the License with sufficient advance notice to whitewater boaters. During each three-year period, the Licensee shall provide a firm water budget of 2,100 acre-feet of water (total, to be allocated over three (3) years) to ensure that twelve (12) viable whitewater events occur. If the 2,100 acre-feet of water budget in combination with controlled and uncontrolled flow releases (i.e. spill) and accretion flows is not sufficient to achieve twelve (12) viable whitewater events during each three (3) year period, the License shall provide a reserve budget of 1,200 acre-feet to ensure that such events occur.

1. Whitewater Recreation Plan Within ninety (90) days after issuance of the License, the Licensee shall file with the Commission, for approval, a Whitewater Recreation Plan (WR Plan). This WR Plan shall document how the Licensee shall implement a program to provide annual higher flows in the Sultan River below Culmback Dam for whitewater boating for the duration of the License. 1.1 The WR Plan shall include the following provisions that describe: (1) the frequency, magnitude, duration, and timing of each whitewater event during the first three-year period and the mechanism for determining such parameters during subsequent years; (2) operational, biological, and other constraints upon whitewater events; (3) the ongoing involvement (including annual meetings) of the Aquatic Resource Committee (ARC) and American Whitewater in implementing the Program; (4) the mechanism for timing whitewater events to coincide with natural rainfall events or coordinate with Project generation or other License Article obligations to achieve greater flow volumes in desired reaches or habitats; (5) mechanism for notifying whitewater boating stakeholders of whitewater boating opportunities during scheduled whitewater events and other high flow events within the Sultan River; (6) mechanism for assessing the boaters’ satisfaction during whitewater events and impacts to aquatic and terrestrial resources; (7) mechanism for recording the number of participants, safety incidents, and costs; (8) the timing and other restrictions necessary to minimize impacts to aquatic resources, to not exacerbate flood damage in the City of Sultan; (9) the method and schedule for monitoring flow releases and water budget accounting pursuant to the Plan; (10) the waiver of indemnity for participants in a scheduled flow release; and (11) the mechanism for providing and restricting the whitewater boating stakeholder representatives shuttle vehicle access to Culmback Dam and the Diversion Dam during scheduled whitewater events

1.2 The Licensee shall develop the WR Plan in consultation with the ARC, American Whitewater and National Park Service (NPS). The Licensee shall allow a minimum of thirty (30) days for members of the ARC, American Whitewater and NPS to comment and make recommendations before submitting the WR Plan to the Commission. When filing the WR Plan with the Commission, the Licensee shall include documentation of consultation, copies of comments and recommendations, and specific descriptions of how comments and recommendations from the ARC, American Whitewater, and NPS are accommodated by the WR Plan. If the Licensee does not adopt a recommendation, the filing shall include the Licensee’s reasons based upon Project-specific information. Upon Commission approval, the Licensee shall implement the WR Plan. 2. Whitewater Events 2.1 The twelve (12) whitewater events will be provided either as (1) scheduled events (section 2.3), or (2) viable unscheduled whitewater events (section 2.2). 2.2 Viable Unscheduled Whitewater Events: A viable unscheduled whitewater event is defined as a calendar day (a) occurring between March 15 and November 30 or at times agreed to by the Licensee and American Whitewater in consultation with the ARC, (b) with controlled and uncontrolled flow releases (i.e. spill) and accretion flows between 600 and 2000 for at least three (3) hours, © during a time of day that supports whitewater boating, at conditions that allow access to the reach, and (d) with at least 48 hours notice. 2.3 Scheduled Whitewater Events: Each year, at a minimum two (2) of the whitewater events will be scheduled at least two (2) weeks in advance and shall occur on weekends, with one (1) occurring in September and one (1) occurring in April or May. Each event shall be between 600 cfs and 2000 cfs and at times of the day that support whitewater boating. If the duration of a scheduled whitewater event is scheduled to be longer than three (3) daylight hours, the event will be counted as two (2) events. For purposes of determining compliance, the scheduled whitewater event’s magnitude and duration will be measured at the flow gage immediately upstream of the City of Everett’s Diversion Dam at River Mile (RM) 9.8.

2.4 So long as the whitewater recreation flow occurs on the noticed day for the whitewater event, the scheduled magnitude and duration of a whitewater event may be achieved through any combination of controlled (including releases to achieve process flow components pursuant to A-LA 8) and uncontrolled flow releases (i.e. spill) and accretion flow. However, only water (above scheduled minimum flows) released from Culmback Dam pursuant to a scheduled whitewater recreation flow event and any downramping associated with such release (as required by A-LA 5) shall be deducted from the 2,100 acre-feet water budget. If a portion of the 2,100 acre-feet water budget remains after the twelve (12) events have been provided, the balance of the water budget is available for additional releases during that three (3) year period. 2.5 So long as the whitewater recreation flow occurs on the scheduled day, the scheduled magnitude and duration of a whitewater event may be achieved through any combination of controlled (including releases to achieve process flow components pursuant to A-LA 8) and uncontrolled flow releases (i.e. spill) and accretion flow. However, only water released from Culmback Dam pursuant to a scheduled whitewater recreation flow event and any downramping associated with such release (as required by A-LA 5) shall be deducted from the water budget provided in section 1.1.

2.6 The Licensee shall consult with the ARC, NPS and American Whitewater on an annual basis to determine if the WR program is providing a meaningful whitewater experience and if the program should be modified, within the constraints of the water budget. The License in consultation with the ARC and American Whitewater may request that the Commission temporarily suspend or reduce the WR Program based upon lack of meaningful whitewater boating experience. In the event that the program is temporarily suspended or reduced, the Licensee will consult annually with the ARC, NPS and American Whitewater concerning whether the Program shall be resumed. 3. Drought Events During the course of a water year, if necessary, the Licensee in consultation with the ARC shall develop a drought controlled flow release schedule for whitewater events when: (1) a drought event resulting in advisory reductions in domestic water consumption (as described by the 2007 City of Everett’s Drought Response Plan as a Stage 1 response to a drought event ) is occurring; (2) the whitewater events described in this LA require interim modification (including postponing or reductions in flow magnitude) to manage water supply during periods of weather related shortages; and (3) the drought release schedule shall not undermine the purposes of this License Article. The Licensee shall notify the Commission and shall implement the drought release schedule within seven (7) days of providing such notice, unless otherwise directed by the Commission. 4. Reservation System The Licensee shall develop a reservation system for the weekend whitewater events, a scheduled water release may be canceled if less than six (6) whitewater boaters makes a reservation by 5:00 p.m. on the Thursday prior to the scheduled event. Any event cancelled due to insufficient reservations shall be counted as if the event has occurred (with a proportional reduction from the water budget provided in section 1.1), and the Licensee shall be under no obligation to reschedule the whitewater event.

Filings With Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

• FERC Order Approving Whitewater Recreation Plan, 30Jul2012
• Snohomish PUD, Whitewater Recreation Plan Addendum, 31Jan2012
• FERC Order Issuing New License, 2Sep2011
• Snohomish PUD, Final Whitewater Recreation Plan, 17Jun2010
• Settlement Agreement, Jackson Hydropower License, 14Oct2009
• Comments of American Whitewater on Preliminary Licensing Proposal, 31Mar2009
• Comments of American Whitewater on Initial Study Report, 18Dec2007
• Comment of American Whitewater and Trout Unlimited on Study Plans, 14Aug2006
• Additional Information and Comment of American Whitewater,11Apr2006
• Comment of PAD, whitewater study, and Scoping Document 1, American Whitewater, 30Mar2006
• Motion of Intervention, American Whitewater, 14Feb2006
• Report of Snohomish PUD regarding whitewater boating as a recreation resource on the Sultan River, 24Jan2006
• Motion of Intervention, American Whitewater, 8Dec2005